1. Dongguan CNC factory introduces the basic structure of lathe
Lathe is mainly designed for turning the outer circle, turning the end face and boring. Turning is rarely carried out on other kinds of machine tools, and any other kind of machine tools can not be turned as easily as lathe. Because the lathe can also be used for drilling and reaming, the versatility of the lathe can make the workpiece complete several kinds of processing in one installation. Therefore, more lathes are used in production than any other kind of lathe.
The basic parts of lathe are: bed, headstock components, tailstock components, slide components, lead screw and light bar.
(1) Bed is the basic part of lathe. It can often be made of fully normalized or aged gray iron or ductile iron. It's a solid, rigid frame with all the other basic components mounted on the bed. Generally, there are two groups of parallel guide rails on the bed. Some manufacturers use triangle guide rail (mountain guide rail) with guide rail tip upward for all four guide rails, while some manufacturers use a triangle guide rail and a rectangular guide rail in one group or two groups. The guide rail should be precisely processed to ensure its straightness accuracy. In order to resist wear and abrasion, most of the guide rails of modern machine tools are hardened, but they should be careful in operation to avoid damage to the guide rails. Any error on the guide rail often means that the accuracy of the whole machine tool is destroyed.
(2) The headstock is installed on the fixed position of the inner guide rail, generally at the left end of the bed. It provides power and enables the workpiece to rotate at various speeds. It basically consists of a hollow spindle mounted in a precision bearing and a series of transmission gears (similar to a truck gearbox). Through the variable speed gear, the spindle can rotate at many speeds. Most lathes have 8 ~ 12 kinds of speeds, which are generally arranged in equal proportion series. And in modern machine tools, you only need to pull 2 ~ 4 handles, you can get all the speed. A growing trend is the use of electrical or mechanical devices for CVT. Because the accuracy of the machine tool depends on the spindle to a large extent, the structure of the spindle is large, and it is usually installed in the heavy tapered roller bearing or ball bearing after preloading. There is a through hole through the whole length of the spindle through which the long bar can be fed. The size of the spindle hole is an important dimension of the lathe, so when the workpiece must be fed through the spindle hole, it determines the maximum size of the bar blank that can be processed.
(3) The tailstock assembly is mainly composed of three parts. The bottom plate is matched with the inner guide rail of the bed and can move longitudinally on the guide rail. The bottom plate has a device which can clamp the whole tailstock assembly in any position. The tailstock body is installed on the bottom plate, and can move horizontally along some type of keyway on the bottom plate, so that the tailstock can be aligned with the main shaft in the headstock. The third component of the tailstock is the tailstock sleeve. It is a hollow steel cylinder, usually about 51-76 mm (2-3 inches) in diameter. Through the hand wheel and screw, the tailstock sleeve can move in and out of the tailstock body for several inches longitudinally; The size of the lathe is expressed in two dimensions. The first is called the maximum machining diameter on the bed surface of the lathe. This is the number of workpieces that can be rotated on a lathe
Maximum diameter. It is about twice the distance between the two centers and the nearest point on the guide rail. The second dimension is the maximum distance between the two centers. The maximum machining diameter on the lathe surface indicates the maximum diameter of the workpiece that can be turned on the lathe, while the maximum distance between two centers indicates the maximum length of the workpiece that can be installed between two centers.
Ordinary lathe is the most frequently used type of lathe in production. They are heavy-duty machine tools with all the components mentioned above, and all the tool movements have motorized feed except for the small tool holder. Their specifications are usually: the maximum machining diameter on the lathe surface is 305 ~ 610mm (12 ~ 24 inches); However, the lathe with maximum machining diameter of 1270 mm (50 inches) on the bed surface and distance between two centers of 3658 mm is not uncommon. Most of these lathes have chip trays and an internal coolant circulation system. Small ordinary lathe - the maximum machining diameter of the lathe surface is generally not more than 330mm (13 inches) - is designed as a bench lathe, and its bed is installed on the worktable or cabinet. Although ordinary lathe has many uses, it is a very useful machine tool, but it takes a lot of time to replace and adjust the cutting tool and measure the workpiece, so they are not suitable for mass production. Generally, their actual processing time is less than 30% of their total processing time. In addition, skilled workers are needed to operate the lathe, which is highly paid and difficult to hire. However, most of the operator's time is spent on simple repeated adjustment and observation of the chip process. Therefore, in order to reduce or not employ such skilled workers at all, hexagon lathe, thread lathe and other types of semi-automatic and automatic lathes have been well developed and widely used in production.
Ruinuohong Precision Machinery Technology Co., Ltd. has CNC machining center, CNC lathe, CNC cylindrical grinder, surface grinder, fast wire cutting machine and other production equipment. Since its establishment, with quality as guarantee and service as tenet, the company has been committed to development and innovation, accumulated rich experience in production technology, and has a group of professional and technical personnel who have been struggling in this industry for many years.